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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aja face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rock 2 mountain 3 slope face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêàëà 2 ãîðà 3 ñêëîí face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Houts. , AH , Ettuhf. , Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|je| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qija 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:ja, Gaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, qyja 3 ('oblique slope' - through contamination with *kyj- 'oblique') face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, TMN 3, 565, EDT 674-5, ÝÑÒß 5, 198-199, Ëåêñèêà 96, Stachowski 133. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.jyn- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to boil (Intr.) face="Times New Roman Star"âàðèòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- (Qutb ., IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|jne|- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"Gajna- face="Times New Roman Star"Gajna- face="Times New Roman Star"xajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"ky:j- (kyn/n/y-) face="Times New Roman Star"kyjnar-, ky:jnar- (trans.) face="Times New Roman Star"xajyn- face="Times New Roman Star"xe:in- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 222, ÝÑÒß 5, 203-205, Stachowski 168, 171. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.jyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 salt steppe 2 sandbank 3 gravel 4 sand face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîëîí÷àê 2 ïåñ÷àíûé áåðåã 3 ãðàâèé 4 ïåñîê face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 1, 4 (MK Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"kajyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qajyr (Houts. 94, AH 74) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qe|jir 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Gajyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xújúr 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xajyr ta:s 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xajyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221-222, EDT 678, ÝÑÒß 5, 206, 217, Ëåêñèêà 97. Turk. > WMong. qajir, Kalm. xa":r (KW 180). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.n/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"edge, hem face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé, êàéìà face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (OUygh.) 'cross-road' face="Times New Roman Star"qajyg| (MK ) 'a place at an angle from the main road' face="Times New Roman Star"xaj face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'steep, precipitous' face="Times New Roman Star"xúju face="Times New Roman Star"kyjÏåê. ) 'road on the edge of a precipice' face="Times New Roman Star"xajy: 'located sideways' face="Times New Roman Star"qajma face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 338. Doubts about the OT word see in EDT 674, 676, Clark 1977 , 146. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.l(y)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to rise 2 jump up face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäíèìàòüñÿ 2 ïîäïðûãèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- (MK , KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kalk(y)- 2, kal-dyr- (caus.) face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- (Pav. C. , Áóä. ) 1, (Houts. , IM ) 2, qal-dur- (caus.) (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1, qalqi- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Galx- 1, Gal-dyr- (caus.) face="Times New Roman Star"Galk- 1, Gal-dyr- (caus.) face="Times New Roman Star"xaly- 1,2 (dial. Sag.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"kylyj- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaly- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, ÝÑÒß 5, 224-226. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)al face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild, rough face="Times New Roman Star"äèêèé, ãðóáûé face="Times New Roman Star"qal (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qal (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qal (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"Galdav face="Times New Roman Star"xal face="Times New Roman Star"qal face="Times New Roman Star"qal face="Times New Roman Star"xal face="Times New Roman Star"xal-mal face="Times New Roman Star"qaltaq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 614, VEWT 224, ÄÒÑ 410. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiam face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 shaman 2 to shamanize, come into movement face="Times New Roman Star"1 øàìàí 2 êàìëàòü, ïðèõîäèòü â äâèæåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamla- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qam (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (AH , IM , Pav. C. ), qamla- 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1, xamna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamda- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jomús/, jumúz/@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xam-na:- (xam-sa:-) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kamna:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamz|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, TMN 3, 402-406, ÝÑÒß 5, 240-241, Åãîðîâ 348-349, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 486, Stachowski 136. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAmug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"all, together face="Times New Roman Star"âñå, âìåñòå face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (OUygh.), qamag| (Orkh., OUygh.), qamyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kamu face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (Qutb ., Áóä. ), qamuq (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyx face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"xamyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, ÝÑÒß 5, 243-244. Modern forms like Kirgh., Kaz. qama- 'to surround, besiege', qamala- id., 'to gather in a crowd' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 5, 159) should be rather regarded as mongolisms. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"blood face="Times New Roman Star"êðîâü face="Times New Roman Star"qan (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MA , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"Gan face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n face="Times New Roman Star"xan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qa:n face="Times New Roman Star"jon face="Times New Roman Star"xa:n face="Times New Roman Star"ka:n face="Times New Roman Star"xan face="Times New Roman Star"xan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"Ga(:)n face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 360-361, EDT 629-630, ÝÑÒß 5, 251, Åãîðîâ 349, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 486, Stachowski 142. Turk. > WMong. qana- 'to let bleed' (KW 166, TMN 3, 361, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 133). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:n- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be satisfied face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü óäîâëåòâîðåííûì face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"kan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qan- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gan- face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n- face="Times New Roman Star"xan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"xan- face="Times New Roman Star"kan- face="Times New Roman Star"xan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 632, VEWT 230, ÝÑÒß 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surround face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA , IM ), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gab face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?) face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirth face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáîëî÷êà ïëîäà 2 äåâñòâåííàÿ ïëåâà 3 ìîøîíêà 4 ïóçûðü 5 ïîñëåä face="Times New Roman Star"qap (MK ) 1, qapaq (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyc?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pc?ek 5 face="Times New Roman Star"xapc?yq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 578, 583; ÝÑÒß 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Ka:p 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[a:]p`a/ ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"snow face="Times New Roman Star"ñíåã face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Orkh., Yenis., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qar (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Sangl. , Qutb ., Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|r face="Times New Roman Star"qar, qaa face="Times New Roman Star"Gar face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:r face="Times New Roman Star"xar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"jor face="Times New Roman Star"xa:r face="Times New Roman Star"ka:r face="Times New Roman Star"xar face="Times New Roman Star"xar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qa:r face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 284-285, EDT 641, VEWT 235, Åãîðîâ 350, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490, Ëåêñèêà 27, Stachowski 142. face="Times New Roman Star"*KArakan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"acacia face="Times New Roman Star"àêàöèÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan[a] (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ro|g|o|n face="Times New Roman Star"GaraGan 'ñîëÿíêà äðåâîâèäíàÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"xarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan face="Times New Roman Star"xarag|an, Todzh. qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 293-294, TMN 1, 275. Turk. > Mong. qarag|ana, whence again into Turk. (Khak. xarg|ana etc., see ÝÑÒß ibid.). face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overflow 2 moat, ditch face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåëèâàòüñÿ ÷åðåç êðàé 2 êàíàâà face="Times New Roman Star"qarym ? qaram (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (MK ) 1, qarym (KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kar- (of water) 'to pile up behind an obstacle', dial. karym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (IM ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rym (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qerim 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaral face="Times New Roman Star"qaranty 'thawed spot' face="Times New Roman Star"xara:lc?a 'ice-hole' face="Times New Roman Star"qarym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 643, ÝÑÒß 5, 320. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:.rt- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"falcon, hawk face="Times New Roman Star"ñîêîë, ÿñòðåá face="Times New Roman Star"kartal face="Times New Roman Star"qartal (Houts. , AH , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Gartal face="Times New Roman Star"xartyg|a face="Times New Roman Star"qartag|a face="Times New Roman Star"ky:rt, ky:rdaj face="Times New Roman Star"ky:rt face="Times New Roman Star"xartyg|a face="Times New Roman Star"qartyg|a face="Times New Roman Star"qartaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 239, ÝÑÒß 5, 316-318, Ëåêñèêà 169, Stachowski 172. Turk. *kartygaj > MMong. qarc?igaj (SH qarc?iqai), WMong. qarc?ig|ai (see TMN 1, 404), whence again late MTurk. qarc?yg|aj (see TMN 1, 404-405, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 208). Loans from Mong. are Man. qarc?in 'kite' and MK or. karc?ik@i 'yellow falcon' (see Lee 1958 , 119, 1964, 191). face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 jade 2 precious stone, the bezel of a finger ring face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿøìà 2 äðàãîöåííûé êàìåíü, ãíåçäî â êîëüöå face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Houts. , IM , Pav. C. , MA ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669. KW 171. Turk. > Mong. qas(i), (HY ) qas?i, see Clark 1980 , 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 134. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kad face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wind, whirlwind face="Times New Roman Star"âåòåð, âèõðü face="Times New Roman Star"qad| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kaj 'rainy weather' face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (AH , Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gaj face="Times New Roman Star"xas face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 'to be cold in spring' face="Times New Roman Star"xat, xady- 'to be frozen', face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 'to be frozen' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 593, ÝÑÒß 5, 193-194, Ëåêñèêà 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995 . face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:pan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"boar face="Times New Roman Star"êàáàí face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|bo|n face="Times New Roman Star"qavan face="Times New Roman Star"Gaban face="Times New Roman Star"Gaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaman face="Times New Roman Star"xavan face="Times New Roman Star"qaman face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"qaban face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 216, ÝÑÒß 5, 164, Ëåêñèêà 156. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)amak / *K(i)apak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrow face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîá 2 ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü 3 âåêî 4 áðîâü face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z qabag|y 3, dial. taw qabag|y 'mountain slope' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1, 2 (Sangl. , Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vo|q 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qawaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'nose bridge' (ßÆÓ ) face="Times New Roman Star"GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face' face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:baG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xamax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xavaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'pitfall' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'precipice' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'cleft' face="Times New Roman Star"go"z qabag|y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 161, Ëåêñèêà 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tu"j-, bu"rko"-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tu"j-. The form *Ka:pak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Ka:p 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[a:]p`a/), *Ka:p(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`a:p`a/ ). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Ka:p.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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